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Diverticular disease occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) form in the walls of your large intestine (colon).
This condition (diverticulosis) is quite common, particularly in older adults, and is usually harmless. However, if the diverticula becomes inflamed or infected, it leads to diverticulitis, which can cause abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. While many cases of diverticulosis are not serious, diverticulitis may require medical attention to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
The two main types of diverticular disease are diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
This condition refers to the presence of diverticula, which are small pouches that form in the lining of the colon. It usually does not cause symptoms and is often diagnosed during routine medical examinations. Most individuals with diverticulosis are asymptomatic.
Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected. This can cause abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits like constipation or diarrhoea. In serious cases, it can lead to complications like infections or blockages, which may require treatment with medication or surgery.
Although the exact cause of diverticular diseases is unknown, certain factors have been linked to the development of diverticula.
Fibre helps keep stools soft and easy to pass. Insufficient fibre intake can lead to hard stools, which increase pressure on the colon. This can cause diverticula to form in the weak spots of the intestinal wall.
The risk of developing diverticular diseases increases with age. As people grow older, the walls of the intestines may weaken, making it easier for diverticula to form.
Chronic constipation, which often results from a lack of dietary fibre or inadequate hydration, can also contribute to increased pressure in the colon, leading to the formation of diverticula.
Excess body weight is associated with a higher risk of diverticulitis. Obesity may put additional strain on the intestines, which can contribute to inflammation or infection of diverticula.
The symptoms of diverticular disease depend on whether a person has diverticulosis or diverticulitis.
Diverticulosis usually does not cause any symptoms. Most people with this condition are unaware of it until it is detected during a routine medical exam, such as a colonoscopy.
Diverticulitis causes pronounced symptoms, which may include:
Abdominal pain: This occurs when inflammation in the diverticula irritates the surrounding tissue, often causing pain on the lower left side of the abdomen.
Fever: Inflammation or infection can trigger the body’s immune response, leading to a rise in body temperature.
Nausea or vomiting: Infection and inflammation in the digestive system can disrupt normal gut function, leading to feelings of nausea or even vomiting.
Changes in bowel habits: The inflammation can disrupt normal bowel movements, resulting in constipation or diarrhoea.
Bloating or tenderness: Swelling of the inflamed areas can cause bloating, and the affected part of the abdomen may feel tender to the touch.
Several methods are used to diagnose diverticular disease, depending on the symptoms and severity of the condition.
Consult our MOH-accredited specialist for an accurate diagnosis & personalised treatment plan today.
Diverticular disease treatment is determined by the severity of the condition, whether it is diverticulosis or diverticulitis, and whether or not complications are present.
Non-surgical treatments are usually the first approach for mild to moderate cases of diverticulitis and are suitable for managing diverticulosis.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat diverticulitis when an infection is suspected. These medications help reduce inflammation and prevent the infection from spreading.
Pain Management
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol, may be recommended to manage discomfort. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are generally avoided as they can irritate the digestive system.
Dietary Changes
A high-fibre diet is recommended for people with diverticulosis to help prevent constipation and reduce pressure on the colon. In cases of mild diverticulitis, a temporary low-fibre or liquid diet may be advised to allow the colon to rest and heal.
Surgery is considered in more severe cases of diverticular disease, particularly when complications arise or non-surgical treatments fail.
Bowel Resection
In severe or recurring cases of diverticulitis, surgery may be needed to remove the affected portion of the colon. This procedure helps prevent further episodes of diverticulitis and complications such as perforation or abscesses.
Colostomy
In more serious cases, a colostomy may be necessary. This procedure involves diverting the colon to an opening in the abdominal wall, allowing waste to exit through an external bag while the colon heals. This is usually a temporary measure until the colon can be reconnected.
To reduce the risk of diverticular disease, adopt a well-balanced diet high in fibre, which promotes regular bowel movements and reduces the likelihood of constipation.
Staying hydrated promotes smooth digestion, and regular physical activity helps to keep your digestive system functioning optimally.
Maintaining a healthy weight and quitting smoking can also reduce strain on the intestines and reduce the risk of complications from diverticula.
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*Extended Panel
MbChB (Sheffield)
M.Med (Surgery)
FRCSEd (General Surgery)
蘇萊曼·尤索夫博士
Dr. Sulaiman Yusof is a distinguished Senior Consultant in colorectal and general surgery, boasting over 15 years of expertise. His passion lies in minimally invasive techniques, particularly robotic surgery, where he has achieved remarkable success using the Da Vinci Xi system. Dr. Sulaiman is dedicated to delivering high-quality, personalized, and empathetic care, always striving for the best outcomes for his patients.
Dr. Sulaiman’s journey began at the University of Sheffield, where he graduated in 2002. He honed his skills during his house officer and basic surgical training in the UK before returning to Singapore. There, he completed his Advanced Surgical Training at Changi General Hospital and earned the Joint Speciality Fellowship in General Surgery in 2013.
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Stress does not directly cause diverticulitis, but it may contribute to unhealthy eating habits or constipation, increasing the risk of flare-ups. Managing stress, along with a healthy lifestyle, can help reduce the chances of an episode.
Mild cases of diverticulitis can heal within a few days with rest, antibiotics, and dietary adjustments. More severe cases may take weeks and may require additional treatments, including surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.
No, diverticular disease does not increase the risk of colon cancer. However, the symptoms of diverticulitis and colon cancer can sometimes overlap, so it is necessary to undergo appropriate screening if recommended by your doctor.