Causes & Symptoms Of Haemorrhoids in Women

Haemorrhoids are a common condition affecting women of all ages, often leading to discomfort, pain, and other symptoms that can disrupt daily life. Women may be more prone to haemorrhoids due to certain physiological changes and life stages, such as pregnancy, menopause, or hormonal fluctuations. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and factors contributing to haemorrhoids in women.

What Are Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, which can lead to discomfort, pain, or bleeding. They are classified based on their location and characteristics.

Internal Haemorrhoids
Found inside the rectum, these may cause painless bleeding during bowel movements. In some cases, they may prolapse and protrude outside the anus, leading to irritation or mild pain.

External Haemorrhoids
Located under the skin around the anus, these are often associated with pain, swelling, and itching. They may also cause bleeding if irritated.

Thrombosed Haemorrhoids
These occur when a clot forms in an external haemorrhoid, resulting in significant pain and swelling. They often present as a hard lump near the anus.

What Causes Haemorrhoids in Women?

Various factors can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids in women, including those related to specific life stages and physiological changes.

Pregnancy and Childbirth
Hormonal changes during pregnancy increase blood flow and weaken vein walls, making them more susceptible to swelling. The growing uterus exerts additional pressure on the pelvic veins, and the strain from vaginal delivery can exacerbate the development of haemorrhoids.

Menstrual Cycle
Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may temporarily increase vascular pressure, leading to haemorrhoid symptoms in some women, particularly during periods of constipation or bloating.

Post-Menopausal Changes
Hormonal changes after menopause reduce the elasticity of blood vessels and weaken the supportive tissues in the rectal area, making haemorrhoids more likely as women age.

General Factors Contributing to Haemorrhoids

In addition to the female-specific causes, several general lifestyle and health factors can contribute to haemorrhoids in both men and women.

Sedentary Lifestyle
Long hours of sitting, whether due to work or other activities, increase pressure on the rectal veins and can lead to haemorrhoid development.

Chronic Constipation or Diarrhoea
Frequent straining during bowel movements, whether due to chronic constipation, irritation from persistent diarrhoea, or other factors, places significant pressure on the rectal veins, which can lead to the development or worsening of haemorrhoids.

Obesity
Excess body weight places additional pressure on the pelvic veins, raising the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids.

Family History
A tendency to develop haemorrhoids can run in families, as some people may inherit weaker vein walls, making them more likely to experience the condition.

Ageing
Over time, the tissues supporting the rectal and anal veins may weaken, making haemorrhoids more common in older adults.

Symptoms of Haemorrhoids 

Recognising the symptoms of haemorrhoids is key to seeking timely care. Symptoms can vary based on the type and severity of haemorrhoids.

Symptoms of Internal Haemorrhoids
Painless bleeding during bowel movements is a common symptom, with blood often noticed on toilet paper or in the stool. If the haemorrhoid prolapses, it may cause irritation, itching, or mild discomfort.

Symptoms of External Haemorrhoids
These may cause swelling and tenderness around the anus. Pain during activities such as sitting or bowel movements is common, along with a persistent itching or burning sensation.

Symptoms of Thrombosed Haemorrhoids
Severe pain and noticeable swelling near the anus are key symptoms. A thrombosed haemorrhoid may appear as a hard lump and can sometimes have a bluish or purplish hue due to the presence of a blood clot.

Other Notable Symptoms
Mucus discharge from the anus and a persistent feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation are less common but notable symptoms of haemorrhoids. These issues can cause further discomfort and irritation, especially if combined with frequent wiping or inflammation.

When To Seek Medical Advice

Certain symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation to rule out complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Heavy or Persistent Bleeding
Ongoing bleeding can lead to anaemia and should be assessed to confirm it is caused by haemorrhoids and not another condition.

Severe Pain or Swelling
Intense discomfort, particularly with thrombosed haemorrhoids, may require immediate care to prevent worsening symptoms.

Signs of Infection
Symptoms like fever, redness, or pus discharge around the anus may indicate an infection and should be addressed urgently.

Lifestyle Tips for Reducing the Risk of Haemorrhoids

Simple adjustments can lower the likelihood of haemorrhoids and improve overall rectal health.

Dietary Changes
Incorporating high-fibre foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps maintain regular bowel movements and prevents constipation. Drinking plenty of water also softens stools.

Physical Activity
Regular exercise supports healthy digestion and reduces pressure on rectal veins. Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing is also beneficial.

Healthy Bowel Habits
Responding promptly to the urge to defecate and avoiding straining during bowel movements can reduce stress on the rectal veins. Using the toilet for shorter periods can also help prevent irritation.

Conclusion

Haemorrhoids in women can arise from a combination of physiological changes, lifestyle factors, and age-related issues. Recognising the causes and symptoms early allows for effective management, preventing complications and improving comfort. 

If you are experiencing symptoms that may indicate haemorrhoids, schedule a consultation today to receive personalised advice and treatment.